What is an ICD Defibrillator? | Wellbeing

Key Features of the ICD

1. Compact Structure: The ICD consists of a small, battery-operated generator. The connection between the device and the heart is made via one or more wires (leads) implanted inside the heart. This device is usually placed under the skin in the chest area.

2. Continuous Heart Rhythm Monitoring: The ICD continuously monitors the heart rhythm, helping to detect dangerous arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia early.

3. Delivering Electric Shocks: When an abnormal heart rhythm is detected, the ICD is capable of automatically delivering electric shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm. It can perform single or multiple shocks depending on the condition of the rhythm. With each shock, the electrical current causes the heart to momentarily stop beating, allowing the sinus node to regain control and return the heart rate to normal.

Types of ICD Defibrillators

Basically, there are two main types of ICDs:

• Traditional ICD: This is the basic type of ICD that monitors heart rhythm and delivers shocks when severe arrhythmias are detected. The device is implanted in the chest, connecting to the heart via one or more electrical leads threaded through veins to the heart. The machine is capable of automatic analysis and shock delivery.

• Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD): Placed under the skin on the side of the chest and below the armpit. The S-ICD does not require leads to be implanted inside the heart chambers, which helps reduce the risk of complications and simplifies the implantation procedure. The sensor system runs along the breastbone (sternum).

Target Users for ICDs

This device is used for patients with a history of cardiac arrest and high-risk patients. This includes:

• People who have survived cardiac arrest due to arrhythmias.

• People suffering from serious cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or genetic disorders related to heart rhythm.

Some Risks of ICD Implantation

ICD implantation does carry some risks, such as: Infection at the implant site, damage to blood vessels, damage to the heart, or bleeding around the heart. Additionally, the ICD may deliver unnecessary (inappropriate) shocks due to issues like signal interference, causing discomfort to the patient.

Despite certain risks, ICD implantation is generally considered safe and brings many benefits to patients at high risk of arrhythmias. Selection and implantation must be based on a thorough evaluation by medical specialists.

Conclusion

The ICD is a crucial tool in the management, control, and treatment of serious heart rhythm disorders. This device not only helps save lives but also improves the quality of life. Understanding the ICD can help patients and their families feel more secure in caring for their cardiovascular health.